Dr. Harald Schwammer is the Vice Director at the Schoenbrunn Tiergarten (Vienna Zoo) in Vienna, Austria. Dr. Schwammer is the founder and President of the European Elephant Keeper and Manager Association (EEKMA) and the team manager of the International Elephant Management Academy. Dr. Schwammer has authored more than 50 scientific and popular publications about elephants and has organized multiple international workshops in Vienna, Europe, Thailand, Sri Lanka, India, and Pakistan. Workshop topics ranged from training elephants to medical care, treatment and research to training programs for keepers, veterinarians, curators, mahouts and elephant owners. Harald manages a breeding herd of African elephants and directed the Vienna Zoo’s research program that resulted in the first elephant conceived via artificial insemination outside of North America. The birth of this male calf was soon followed by the birth of a female calf produced by natural breeding.